'required|max_length[255]', 'email' => 'required|valid_email|max_length[255]|is_unique[users.email,id,{id}]', 'password_hash' => 'required|max_length[255]', 'is_active' => 'permit_empty|in_list[0,1]', ]; protected $validationMessages = []; protected $skipValidation = false; protected $cleanValidationRules = true; public function findByEmail(string $email): ?User { return $this->where('email', $email)->first(); } }